Satellite Launching Capability of India
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Satellite Launching Capability of India :
The Indian Space Programme took a major forward step with the launching of the first indigenously built space craft Aryabhata in 1975. This 360kg satellite designed to acquire the basic expertise in satellite technology. It was placed into orbit from the Soviet Union by a Soviet rocket carrier. Aryabhata was followed by Bhaskara I an experimental earth observation satellite launched in 1979. Bhaskara I carried T.V. Camera and microwave radiometer payloads for earth observation studies in hydrology, forestry, snow melting and oceanography. An improved version of this satellite, Bhaskara II was launched in 1981. Then India took steps for building its own first satellite launch vehicle, SLV-3. In June 1981, India’s first experimental geostationary communications satellite, APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment) was successfully launched aboard the European Space Agency’s Ariane launch vehicle from Kourou in French Guyana. It was the greatest achievement for Indian scientists and astrophysicists.
APPLE helps in the transmission or news, radio broadcasts and television telecasts. India also launched INSAT - IB a multi-purpose domestic satellite, on board the American Space. Shuttle Challenger in 1983. Its operationalisation has given India the capability of country - wide domestic telecommunications, meteorology and direct community T. V. broadcasting. Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre primarily provides the thrust for indigenous launch vehicles technology. SLV-3 was designed and developed by USSC. It also manages ISRO’s Rohini Sounding Rocket (RSR programme. It is also embarking on the development of lamer and more sophisticated launch vehicles namely Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) designed to orbit 150kg satellites and a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) capable of injecting 1000 Kg class satellites into a polar sun- synchronous orbit.
ASLV launched in 1987 had problems in thrust power due to malfunctioning in first stage motor. Its successor sent in July 1988 was a miserable failure as it could last only about 150 seconds before it met with its watery grave in the Bay of Bengal. In May 1992 ISRO launched the ASLV-3 which hoisted the stretched Rohini Satellite (SROSS). Its successor launched in May, 94 was a success. However the successful launch in 2000 of IRS-P4, Kitsat-3 and DLR-TUBSAT aboard PSLV -2, INSAT -3 B and in 2001. GSLV - D1 are very significant achievements.
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